This collection of nine essays is focused on military and administrative institutions in the ancient world, and supplemented by a presentation of thirty texts in Greek and Latin written on papyrus and wooden fragments, some previously unpublished. The essays and textual editions are contributed by a host of distinguished international scholars in honor of Professor J. David Thomas’ seventieth birthday. Professor Thomas (formerly at the University of Durham) has edited a large number of ancient texts over the last fifty years, and his work has been important to our understanding of subjects as diverse as the military strength on Hadrian’s Wall and the chain of command in the Egyptian civil service.